項目名稱(chēng)：MegaBangna Foodwalk

　　項目位置：泰國曼谷

　　項目面積：58000 ㎡

　　項目類(lèi)型：商業(yè)景觀(guān)

　　設計單位：Landscape Collaboration

　　主創(chuàng )設計：Somkiet Chokvijitkul

　　首席設計：Pavin Banternghansa

　　完成年限：2017年12月

　　攝影師：Rungkit Charoenwat

中庭的循環(huán)道路

　　項目概述

　　Mega FoodWalk是一系列位于曼谷南部郊區的大型邦納購物中心內協(xié)同設計，包含令人心曠神怡的景觀(guān)中庭、使人放松的圓形劇場(chǎng)以及體驗式木板路。這個(gè)半室外的擴建餐飲景觀(guān)旨在創(chuàng )造舒適的微氣候和沉浸式體驗，結合不同學(xué)科，創(chuàng )造了獨特的商業(yè)區體驗，在幾乎每個(gè)角落和路徑都有所體現。

　　Project Narrative

　　Mega FoodWalk is the collaborative design of an enjoyable landscape atrium, relaxing amphitheater, and experiential boardwalk. Within Mega Bangna shopping complex located in the suburbs of southern Bangkok, this extended semi-outdoor food & beverage expansion is designed to create a comfortable microclimate and immersive experience by innovatively incorporating multiple active & passive cooling strategies harmoniously within interactive and tectonic landscape features. The expansion zone represents a marrying of different disciplines to create a unique commercial experience that engages at nearly every corner and path. A unique experience that was created through a truly collective design effort of different disciplines and shared vision with the consultants and the client.

緩緩傾斜的體驗步道

　　項目背景

　　曼谷的濕熱氣候使得全年氣溫達到31-35°C，人們需要在陰影里躲避炙熱的陽(yáng)光，因此在戶(hù)外空間設計出令人感到舒適的“微氣候”環(huán)境，吸引人們停留而非不斷尋求室內空調環(huán)境是極具挑戰性的。建筑設計布局通過(guò)四周建造三層高的建筑環(huán)繞形成半室外中庭空間以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。中庭空間頂部用蓬蓋覆蓋以過(guò)濾陽(yáng)光直射，同時(shí)特地開(kāi)口借助盛行風(fēng)循環(huán)以促進(jìn)小氣候降溫。庭院位于螺旋式循環(huán)的建筑中心，作為視覺(jué)焦點(diǎn)及主要的景觀(guān)空間。這個(gè)開(kāi)放的空間是由標高分離的從地面層到一層之間具有5.5米高差的兩個(gè)板塊組成的，對景觀(guān)設計來(lái)說(shuō)如何實(shí)現最佳的通行環(huán)道是一個(gè)極大的挑戰。

　　Context

　　In Bangkok’s hot-humid climate, with temperatures reaching 88-95°F (31-35°C) year round and people seeking shade to stay away from the sweltering sunlight, achieving the optimal human comfort zone microclimate in outdoor spaces is difficult and challenging to design comfortable outdoor spaces that would attract people more inclined to seek air-conditioned indoor spaces. The architecture design & layout approaches this issue by establishing a 3-storey building around a semi-outdoor courtyard, filtering direct sunlight with an expansive skylight roof cover, while deliberately creating openings to promote passive cooling from prevailing winds. The courtyard serves as a focal point and main landscape space located at the heart of the helical-circulating building. The open space is comprised of a split-floor between the ground level and level one above by a 5.5 meter difference in elevation - a challenging issue of providing optimal circulation for the landscape design.

半室外庭院的場(chǎng)地平面圖

概念圖

　　設計目標

　　通過(guò)多學(xué)科團隊的合作，景觀(guān)設計師將景觀(guān)作為基礎設施在商業(yè)環(huán)境中發(fā)揮作用，提供人性化設計、舒適的微氣候以及郁郁蔥蔥生長(cháng)的植物環(huán)境。螺旋環(huán)繞式中庭景觀(guān)的設計核心意圖是創(chuàng )造沉浸式的體驗步道，通過(guò)無(wú)障礙的通行連接，將游客經(jīng)過(guò)美妙的體驗氛圍引導至目的地。

　　Design Intentions

　　With collaborative efforts of a multidisciplinary team, the landscape architects envisioned the landscape’s roles in this commercial context as an infrastructure for cultural appreciation, comfortable microclimate, and fertile environment for the softscape to flourish. The intention of the design for the landscape centerpiece of the helical-circulating, universal atrium is to create an immersive, experiential pathway with free-flowing linkages that brings visitors to their destinations conveniently through a captivating atmosphere. In order to create a comfortable and attractive landscape space for the visitors, the landscape architect’s goal is to consolidate innovative design solutions that disguisedly blend with the landscape features.

　　人性化景觀(guān)設計

　　基于使用者設計的景觀(guān)創(chuàng )造了一種新的對在不同高度的景觀(guān)及商鋪進(jìn)行體驗的方式。在標高較低的位置設計成下沉廣場(chǎng)空間，全年舉辦各種活動(dòng)。圓形劇場(chǎng)的實(shí)木座椅不僅為觀(guān)眾提供了舒適座位，而且也作為人群從較高層的商場(chǎng)主入口進(jìn)入低層廣場(chǎng)的主要通道。通行步道針對包括殘疾人在內的所有使用者的人性化考慮設計平緩的坡度。體驗步道浮在水上，穿過(guò)森林，與花崗巖石徑及堆疊的大石板相交，展示出精致加工材料和天然粗獷材料之間形式和顏色的對比。景觀(guān)空間是一個(gè)互動(dòng)體驗空間，鼓勵游客與材料接觸?；?dòng)設計的一大亮點(diǎn)是不銹鋼水杠桿，操縱桿的手柄是特意為用戶(hù)感受通過(guò)管道輸送的冷卻水而設計的。

　　Cultural Landscape Appreciation

　　User-based landscape design creates a new way to experience both landscape and shops that are located at different levels. The lower level is dropped to create a sunken plaza space for numerous events year-round. Amphitheater seating with genuine wood finish provides cozy spectator seating throughout the day and night, but more importantly serves as generous crowd access to the lower level plaza from the higher main entrance level of the mall. The pathways are friendly to all users with gentle slopes that are handicap accessible. The experiential boardwalk that floats above the water features and traverses through the forest green, is intersected by crossing granite stone pathways and giant slate slabs stacked to display the contrast in form and color of refined and unrefined material. The landscape design is a very interactive and experiential space that encourages visitors to be in contact with its material design. A major highlight of interactive design can be seen with the water levers made of stainless steel. The handles of the levers were deliberately designed for users to feel the cool rush of water carried through the thermal conductive pipes.

　　實(shí)現舒適的小氣候

　　Mega FoodWalk內的“微氣候”是結合了景觀(guān)設計和創(chuàng )新工程手段集成控制，才實(shí)現這樣的水景和植物景觀(guān)，形成了效果不錯的城市小氣候。在這里，當孩子們排隊進(jìn)行與水互動(dòng)的游戲時(shí)，大人也可以享受周邊的氛圍。水景與太陽(yáng)能制冷系統相結合。冷卻水在景觀(guān)空間中的各種形式的景觀(guān)要素里流動(dòng)，以不同的形態(tài)呈現，如蜿蜒的水流、涌泉或跌水，形成了一系列的不同質(zhì)感的水，同時(shí)歷經(jīng)的每一處形成了冷卻降溫效果。此外，隱蔽的噴射風(fēng)扇創(chuàng )造了微風(fēng)氣流，讓水景表面散發(fā)涼爽的濕氣。因此，這種微氣候能夠把區域調節到適宜人呆的舒適狀態(tài)，同時(shí)也為植物生長(cháng)增加了空氣濕度。

　　Achieving Comfortable Microclimate

　　The microclimate within Mega FoodWalk is controlled by the integration of landscape design and innovative engineering solutions resulting in a waterscape and softscape that became a successful urban catalyst, where adults can enjoy the atmosphere while children line up for the interactive water play. The water features are incorporated with a solar-powered chiller system. The cool water flows along various features in the landscape, as the changing physical form of meandering flows, ripples, and cascades of water delivers an array of water textures and an evaporative cooling effect at each bend. In addition, concealed jet fans create a breezy airflow which distributes cool moisture from the water features’ surface. As a result, the microclimate is adjusted to an ideal human comfort zone while also providing added moisture for plants to flourish.

通過(guò)融合的特色景觀(guān)來(lái)整合空間以創(chuàng )造連續的景觀(guān)通道

圖示說(shuō)明地面景觀(guān)設計如何結合建筑及工程創(chuàng )造了舒適的微氣候

核心中軸“體驗步道”在不同材質(zhì)的軟硬景觀(guān)之間交織

　　激活景觀(guān)要素

　　在改造之前，這個(gè)旱噴廣場(chǎng)曾是廣場(chǎng)邊緣的噴泉池，作為廣場(chǎng)和停車(chē)場(chǎng)之間的背景和緩沖元素。因為它位于空間邊緣，僅有美觀(guān)功能，管理人員最終忽視了它的維護，它變得越來(lái)越難看，長(cháng)滿(mǎn)了藻類(lèi)，變得不受歡迎。

　　根據FoodWalk擴建項目的規劃和設計，這個(gè)水池正好位于新舊開(kāi)發(fā)地塊連接通道的中間，一下子就成為了潛在的重要的迎賓景觀(guān)要素，吸引人們進(jìn)入這個(gè)新的擴建部分。

　　設計團隊希望這個(gè)水景能夠成為具有包容性和活力的地標景觀(guān)，帶來(lái)視覺(jué)吸引力和充滿(mǎn)活力的活動(dòng)。決定把它變成一個(gè)所有人都可以進(jìn)入的的旱噴廣場(chǎng)，這樣每個(gè)人都可以享受它。但實(shí)際在噴泉下面有一個(gè)巨大的為商場(chǎng)供水的水箱，因此，設計為了實(shí)現效果，結合現狀結構輕微抬高完成面以避開(kāi)接觸。

　　Revitalizing landscape element

　　Prior to the renovation, this dry fountain plaza used to be a fountain pond at the edge of a circular plaza. It functioned as a backdrop and buffering elements between the plaza and the parking space. Because its positioned at the edge of the space with the fountains merely as aesthetic element, the management eventually overlooked its maintenance, and it became deteriorated. Algaes took over the pond and it became unwanted.

　　Upon the planning and designing of the expansion of FoodWalk, this pond sits right in the middle of the connecting path between the old and this up-coming development. The pond suddenly have the potential to become a significant inviting element that could draw people to this new expansion.

　　Our team decided that the pond has to function as an inclusive and dynamic landmark that would bring forth visual attractions and vibrant activities. We decided to turned it into an allutring dry fountain plaza with universal access so that everyone can enjoy it. Beneath the fountain, however, laid a huge water tank that supply water to the mall. Thus, the design touched the existing structure lightly and consciously while being able to achieve its goal in serving as an urban catalyst for inclusive and dynamic activities.

旱噴噴泉的表面是預制木板，抬高設計便于維護

　　景觀(guān)視覺(jué)體驗質(zhì)量

　　落客區是景觀(guān)翻新。原來(lái)是簡(jiǎn)單的大型觀(guān)賞草景觀(guān)，讓人看到可以看通內部道路和停車(chē)場(chǎng)。一開(kāi)始被認為是一個(gè)好主意，因為它強調了大型商場(chǎng)的入口。然而，它忽略了主入口空間的體驗品質(zhì)。每天有上萬(wàn)輛車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)這些道路，它很快就成為了入口空間的巨大干擾。

　　這次翻新這個(gè)綠島仍然作為Megabangna購物中心落客區主要的中心結構。但它的主要功能是在主入口和停車(chē)場(chǎng)之間形成視覺(jué)障礙。土丘輪廓的高度足以遮擋車(chē)道外的汽車(chē)的視線(xiàn)，把視線(xiàn)引導向天空。

　　在照片的左邊，肋結構似乎占主導地位，但從另一邊看，這些混凝土肋幾乎消失了。這被有意設計來(lái)創(chuàng )造到達和離開(kāi)的視覺(jué)體驗區別。游客開(kāi)車(chē)進(jìn)入落客區，迎接他們的是清新的綠色景觀(guān)，而離開(kāi)時(shí)，他們將面對整齊的混凝土肋。

　　Landscape Visual Experience Quality

　　This drop-off was a renovated of a simple tall grass landsacpe that created visual leakage to the unpleasant internal road and parking lots. This was seen initially as a good idea to enhance the the forground of the large entrance mall. However, it overlooked the experiential quality of the space from the main entrance. With ten thousand vehicles passing these roads daily. It soon became a huge distraction to the space within.

　　The new renovation of this green island still serves as a central structure for the main drop off of Megabangna Shopping Center. But its main function is a visual blockage between the main entrance and the large parking space. The contour of the berm is just high enough to block the view of any automobile outside the lay-by lane while offering view toward the sky.

　　The rib structures may seem dominant in the photograph to the left, but from the other side, these concrete ribs almost disappear. This quality was designed deliberately to create visual distinction and experience of arriving and departing. Visitors driving into the drop-off are greeted with refreshing sight of greenery, while when leaving they would face with order of concrete ribs.

一邊是綠色植物，另一邊是混凝土肋

綠邊道——停車(chē)場(chǎng)的視覺(jué)屏障和緩沖空間

硬質(zhì)景觀(guān)和軟景觀(guān)紋理的多重層次創(chuàng )造了一個(gè)幾乎超現實(shí)的自然“森林”環(huán)境

交叉流通在項目中扮演著(zhù)重要的角色

冷水帶來(lái)了驚喜與歡笑

研究、分析、設計方案和可視化是設計的組成部分·

多學(xué)科協(xié)作是綜合所有要素和諧工作的核心

道路和水景的交叉

讓不同群體的人一起享受空間

　　郁郁蔥蔥的綠色植物

　　集成冷卻系統通過(guò)控制濕度和溫度，為空間提供了額外的好處，讓軟景觀(guān)在理想溫度下生長(cháng)。“森林”使用了亞熱帶和熱帶氣候本土的植物軟景觀(guān)，包括各種有紋理的蕨類(lèi)植物、苔蘚和其他物種，創(chuàng )建了復雜的多層次軟景觀(guān)，形成了獨特的商業(yè)空間，將周?chē)牟蛷d與自然植物融合在一起。在下層和中層植物之間，生長(cháng)著(zhù)許多毛天料木，長(cháng)到了最高的樓層，在視覺(jué)上將中庭連接在一起。在郁郁蔥蔥的綠色植物中，一個(gè)噴霧系統被整合進(jìn)來(lái)，以保持濕度水平，并以細霧的形式創(chuàng )造沉浸式景觀(guān)氛圍。這里的植物是喜陽(yáng)和喜陰的物種的混合，將在半透明的屋頂系統下茁壯成長(cháng)，在植被生長(cháng)和舒適空間之間找到平衡。

　　Lush Greenery

　　An integrated cooling system provides additional benefits to the space by controlling the humidity and temperature at an ideal temperature for growth of a softscape scenery. The designed ‘forest’ uses a softscape palette of plants indigenous to a sub-tropical and tropical climate, including various textured ferns, moss and other species, to create complex multi-level softscape that results in a unique commercial space that blends the surrounding restaurants with natural foliage. Shooting up between these lower and middle layer flora, a dozen of Homalium tomentosum (Vent.) Benth. shoot up to the highest floor to visually connect the atrium together. Amidst the lush greenery, a fog system is integrated to maintain moisture levels as well as creating an immersive landscape atmosphere in the form of fine mist. According to the species selected, the plant palette is a mix of sun-shade tolerant species that will thrive under the semi-transparent roofing system to find balance between vegetative growth and comfortable space.

　　重新思考購物中心的景觀(guān)空間

　　景觀(guān)在商業(yè)空間中可以發(fā)揮多大的作用？作為一名城市景觀(guān)設計師，如何將自然元素融入其中？在園藝師和機械工程師的專(zhuān)業(yè)幫助下，布置了豐富的植物物種元素，創(chuàng )造了舒適的小氣候和文化氛圍。盡管環(huán)境不允許完全的自然可持續性，這些元素成為替代方案，遠比傳統的安裝空調的大盒子建筑更有價(jià)值。這些照片顯示了一系列的特寫(xiě)鏡頭，展示了景觀(guān)內部微妙的自然紋理，它們創(chuàng )造了一個(gè)幾乎超現實(shí)的自然“森林”環(huán)境。因此，這些人工景觀(guān)成為了驅動(dòng)實(shí)現Mega Park項目的力量。

　　Re-thinking landscape spaces within a shopping mall

　　To what extend can landscape play in the context of commercial spaces? How can we, as an urban landscape designer, incorporate natural elements into our work? With the professional help of horticulturists and mechanical engineers, we deployed rich vegetative species as elements to create comfortable microclimate as well as cultural appreciation. Although the setting does not allow for complete natural sustainibility, these elements become showcases for alternatives that’s valuable far beyond the conventional air-conditioned big-boxes architectures. The above photographs show a serie of closeups illustrating delicate natural textures within the landscape looks to create an almost surreal natural ‘forest’ environment. As a result, these landscape artifacts became the forces that drove the visualization and realization of the following project, Mega Park.